Eat Fresh...at Subway???

Have you seen the Arby's commercials with New York private investigator, Bo Dietl; where he exposes Subway's cold cut sandwich products as being "unfresh"?  He states that their products are sliced and prepackaged at a processing plant in Iowa.  Now no matter if cold cuts are cut directly in front of you, like at a supermarket deli counter, or presliced and packaged elsewhere; lets be honest, cold cuts are cold cuts.  Unless you roast your own and then slice it up of course.

My beef, pardon the pun, with Subway is the making of the sandwich itself; the prenumbering of cold cut slices each sandwich receives.  As an experiment, I drove around to different Subway locations in my area, ordered the same sandwich with the same ingredients, and received, pretty much, a clone after clone after clone.  The sandwich?  The 12 inch Black Forest Ham and Turkey for $7 (sub only) on a wheat roll (plain roll if wheat was unavailable) with lettuce, banana pepper rings, oil and vinegar.  Each Subway gave me exactly 4 slices of ham, 4 slices of turkey with a whopping handful of shredded lettuce and pepper rings, but just a drizzle each of the oil and vinegar.  By the way, I asked about the 6 inch sub; you get exactly half of what is in the 12 inch for $4 (sub only). Their 6 inch sub is also one of their 12 inchers cut in half; what do they do with that other half anyway? Is it kept and served to another customer? Is it discarded in the trash bin? Is it thrown outside for birds and animals to nibble on? Basically, is food used or wasted?

 

I continued my culinary investigative work by going to the supermarket, buying the ingredients I needed and make my own version of this Subway sandwich.  A package of rolls (7 inch in length), packages of Black Forest Ham and Oven Roasted Turkey (extra lean and gluten free), Banana Pepper Rings, Olive Oil and Red Wine Vinegar cost me, in total: $15.42 with tax; Subway charges tax on their sandwiches too. 

  The slices of cold cuts were larger than the ones served at Subway by two inches, and I was able to put 3 slices of each on each sandwich...one more slice of each than Subway's 6 inch.  Subway layers their cold cuts flat while I folded mine; more appealing to the eye I believe.  I layered on a nice bed of lettuce for the cold cuts to sit upon, but not so much that it overwhelmed.

  A nice serving of banana pepper rings for a sweet crunch; sometimes when I'm in the mood for it, I mix in slivers of red onion between those pepper rings. Not today though.   I'm generous with the oil and vinegar; what doesn't stay on the bread seeps onto the plate.  Then I can dip any dry pieces of the roll into the excess oil/vinegar mixture as I eat my sandwich; it's a decadent pleasure.

...and there is my version of Subway's Black Forest Ham and Turkey sub. Price wise, I can make six-7 inch subs for the price of 2-12 inch Subway subs, or 3-6 inch Subway subs. Taste, Texture and Appearance wise, my homemade version is outstanding!!!  As you can see in the photo, I didn't squash my sandwich together either, but Subway does.  Why do they squash the sandwiches when they wrap them?  That's so annoying!

Subway is fast food; Homemade is fresh food; yes, there is a big difference.

Mary Cokenour

Sorry Knight Rider, This Baked Potato Wasn't Named For You.

In Germany, David Hasselhoff of "Knight Rider" fame is treated more like a god than just another actor.  However, in Stockholm, Sweden, it is not every restaurant that gets a dish named after it.  The Hasselbacken Hotel (opened in 1748) introduced a new potato dish on its menu in the 1940's...The Hasselback Potato.  While you could say it is just a baked potato,  the way it is prepared and looks distinguishes it from just any old baked potato.  Slits are cut crosswise along the length of the potato, careful to leave 1/4 of an inch uncut at its bottom.  A bread crumb topping is loaded on top and pushed slightly into the slits; olive oil and butter gives a slightly naughty decadence to the fanned out potato.  This type of potato dish is also called in Ireland "Accordion Potatoes" for its resemblance to the musical instrument.  In France, with the addition of Parmesan cheese, it is known as a "Potato Fan".

The recipe I made and will give instruction for is the original recipe from the Hasselbacken Hotel.  A medium sized, oval potato is best when serving as a side dish.  The large is best if serving this potato dish as a meal in itself.  Small potatoes, such as Fingerlings, do not fare well during the cutting and baking processes.  Originally, the topping was simply dried bread crumbs, salt, ground black pepper and butter; olive oil was a cooking medium.  Of course nowadays, the addition of cheeses, herbs, vegetables and/or bacon can give this potato dish a whole new swing.  If using cheese, it is best to use a grated texture from a hard rind type of cheese such as Parmigiano-Reggiano or Parmesan mixed into the dried bread crumbs. A quickly melting cheese such as Cheddar or Swiss could be used, but in the final 15 minutes of the baking process; however the chance of covering up the "fan" effect is very possible. 

For the addition of bacon, slice bacon strips into one inch pieces, freeze them solid and then insert into the cuts randomly; about 5-6 pieces per potato.  As the potatoes bake, the bacon fat will melt to give the potato extra fluffiness and deep bacon flavoring.  Chopped fresh herbs and/or petite diced vegetables such as green onion or mushrooms need to be mixed in melted butter, spooned over the potatoes and baked during the final 15 minutes.  You want these items to warm up, but not be thoroughly roasted into obscurity.  The olive oil that sits in the bottom of the baking dish will give the potato a golden browned, crusty bottom to sit upon...sort of like getting a baked and fried potato at the same time.

The Hasselback Potato

 

 

Ingredients:

 

4 Tbsp olive oil

2 long baking potatoes (about 6 oz each)

1/4 cup plain dried bread crumbs

1/4 tsp salt

1/8 tsp ground black pepper

4 Tbsp melted butter

 

Preparation:

 

 

Peel each potato; cut a 1/4 inch slice from one long side of the potato.  This will allow it to lay flat and not roll during the cutting or baking processes.  Place a clean rubber band around the potato, 1/4 inch up from the flat bottom, to use as a guide.  With a sharp knife, make 1/8 inch slices crosswise along the entire length of the potato being careful not to go past the rubber band.  Remove the rubber band and immerse the potatoes in cold water for 5 minutes; slightly move the slices apart, but be careful not to break them; this will help remove extra starch from the potatoes and keep them from turning brown.

Preheat oven to 450F; coat bottom of small baking dish (large enough to accommodate both potatoes, but leave room between each) with olive oil.

In a small bowl, mix together the bread crumbs, salt, black pepper and one tablespoon of butter.  Remove potatoes from water, pat dry and brush with a half tablespoon of butter; press the bread crumb mixture onto each potato; use the dull side of a knife to slightly press a little mixture into some of the potato slits.  Place potatoes into the baking dish, cover with aluminum foil and bake for 50 minutes.  Remove the foil, drizzle a tablespoon of the remaining butter over each potato; bake for an additional 15 minutes.

Makes two servings.

So instead of a plain baked potato, try something a little more fancy...a Hasselhoff; oops, sorry; a Hasselback Potato.  Enjoy!

Mary Cokenour

I've Got Big Balls - Matzo Balls.

For about a week or so the temperatures in our area were in the high 50's to low 60's; sunny, clear skies and a light breeze coming down off the mountains. Simply beautiful weather for the spring, and it was an inspiration to get outside and do some yard cleaning. On April 2nd I decided to take a ride across to Cortez, Colorado to do a little shopping, enjoy a nice lunch of a tarragon chicken salad sandwich, and then do the leisurely drive back home. As I got closer and closer to the Colorado/Utah border, I noticed the dark clouds beginning to travel my way. Rain, I thought, oh the dry, dusty yard will love that! A few miles over the Utah border the rain began, nothing heavy until I drove a few more miles. Thicker rain coming down now...thicker? Snow showers? Really!?! As I began entering the city limits of Monticello, the fat, white flakes were coming down and sticking to any grassy areas; fortunately not to the streets or roadways. The temperature at the end of this debacle was about 25 F, the wind had picked up and it was a bitter cold. Now I would have appreciated the irony of all this if it had occurred the day before on April Fool's Day; now I was just miffed.

How did I get over all this? Chicken soup of course, but not just any old chicken soup...Matzo Ball soup. That's right, a recipe from Jewish culture that is the ultimate comfort food; the cure all of any ailment (or so we pretend to believe). I was introduced to many foods related to Jewish cuisine when I lived in Brooklyn, New York...Noodle Kugel, Bagels, Lox, Matzo Ball Soup, Pastrami, Corned Beef, etc, etc, etc.   Basically, in the five boroughs of New York and Long Island, you were either Catholic or Jewish; and the big influences in foods were Italian, Irish, Slavic or Jewish.   That was the true meaning of America's "melting pot" back then; and even today, New York is still the number one area to see that meaning of immigration.  But I digress....

Homemade Chicken Stock is an essential main ingredients for this soup; you want all the richness of flavor from the chicken, vegetables and seasonings, cooked together to create perfection. When I say "chicken carcass" in the recipe, basically you want to buy a whole chicken, remove the legs, thighs and breasts; what is left is what goes into the soup pot.  Remove as much skin as you can too.  Oh, and why leave the onions unpeeled?  It will give your stock a nice, golden coloring.

Homemade Chicken Stock

3 to 4 lbs of chicken carcass (legs, thighs and breasts removed)
3 large celery ribs, chopped
3 large carrots, peeled and chopped
1 large leek, washed thoroughly and chopped; include most of the green section as well
2 medium onions, unpeeled, but remove the root end
1 (8 oz) container whole mushrooms; dirt brushed off
6 cloves of garlic, unpeeled
2 whole bay leaves
1 Tbsp whole black peppercorns
1 Tbsp Kosher salt
5 quarts cold water

Preparation:

Place all ingredients in a large stock pot (10-12 quart); bring to a boil on high heat and skim off any frothy residue. Reduce heat to low and simmer for 3 hours. 

Secure cheese cloth inside a large plastic bowl and strain the stock into the bowl; discard all the solid material captured in the cheese cloth.  Place the plastic bowl inside the freezer for one hour; the fat will solidify and then can be easily removed.   The stock is now ready to be used, can be refrigerated for up to 3 days, or stored in the freezer for up to 3 months. 

Makes about 4 1/2 quarts.

Traditionally, to make an authentic soup, "schmaltz" should be added.  Schmaltz is rendered chicken fat; not the skin of the chicken, but the gobs of gelatinous fat underneath the skin.  The chickens you find at the local supermarket are bred to be lean, so the amount of fat you'll need ( 2 cups) is about impossible to get off the chicken.  You might be able to find a local butcher who can help you obtain what you need; but don't worry about it if you can't.

Schmaltz

Ingredients:

2 cups chicken fat, chopped
1 small onion, chopped

Preparation:

Place fat and onion in a large skillet, over low heat; let cook for 20 minutes, stirring occasionally.  The fat will melt and begin to brown; when it is all a golden brown; remove from heat and use a slotted spoon to remove all the crisp bits (gribenes).  The liquid left is the schmaltz; the gribenes can be used in the matzo balls, or other recipes.  Strain the schmaltz through cheese cloth to remove any excess gribenes or residue to get a clear liquid.

Makes about 3/4 cup.

Now lets get to the star of this show, the Matzo Balls.  Matzo is a crisp, dry unleavened bread made with three ingredients: flour, water and salt.  It is primarily eaten during the Jewish Festival of Freedom, Passover.   To make the Matzo Balls, the Matzo is crushed into a coarse powder called matzo meal.  There are two types of balls, "floaters" and "sinkers"; floaters are large, light and fluffy, sitting gently in the soup; sinkers are denser, smaller and tend to sit at the bottom of the soup bowl. To make the "floaters" add seltzer water to your recipe; to make "sinkers" use chicken stock instead.

 

How to Make Matzo Balls

 

Ingredients:

1/2 cup matzo meal
2 eggs, lightly beaten
2 Tbsp Schmaltz (or vegetable oil if you don't have Schmaltz)
1 tsp Kosher salt
1/4 tsp ground black pepper
2 Tbsp seltzer water (floaters) or chicken stock (sinkers)

Option: add 2 Tbsp gribenes

Preparation:

Combine all ingredients together in a small bowl; cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate for 30 minutes. 

This will eventually make about 10-12 one inch balls.

Soup Time!!!

Place three quarts of chicken stock into a large pot (6-8 quart) and bring to a boil on medium-high heat.  While the stock is heating up, begin rolling your matzo ball "batter" into one inch balls.  Hint:  wet your hands with cold water each time to keep the "batter" from sticking.  When the stock is boiling, gently add the balls one at a time; cover the pot and cook for 30-40 minutes; they're ready when they triple in size and are floating in the simmering stock.

Options: you can add some thinly sliced carrot when you first begin bringing the stock to boil and let it continue to cook with the matzo balls.

Garnishes: sliced green onion or fresh dill.

So there you have a little adventure into Jewish cuisine.  Enjoy!

Mary Cokenour

Parmigiano's Evil Twin; Parmesan.

You go out to an Italian restaurant and order "Chicken Parmigiana" (a strictly Italian-American invented recipe by the way); lightly fried breasts of chicken smothered in a rich tomato sauce and covered in melted, gooey cheeses. Then you open up a cooking magazine, or see a recipe online called "Chicken Parmesan" and think, "Oh, that's what I had at the restaurant, and now I can make it at home". No, no, it is not the same thing; might look similar, but there are big differences. In Italy, the D.O.C. (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) is a set of Italian laws enacted in 1955 to protect the names, origins, production methods and characteristics of Italian food and wine; they set the standards. Parmigiano-Reggiano has been produced in Italy over 700 years; it is a complexity of flavors, made from cow's milk, with a hard rind, and aged, crumbly interior. Each wheel of authentic Parmigiano is stamped with a seal which indicates its name, date of creation and a code which specifies where it was made. (see left side photo)  Once the wheel is opened the cheese can be grated, shredded or cut into paper thin slices; the price is high, but well worth the taste, texture and quality.

Then comes Parmigiano's evil twin, Parmesan; you know that cheese, it sits on a shelf in the pasta aisle in a green can, or perhaps a jar; grated and so very, very cheap in price. As you can see in the right side photo, the wheel has no markings on it indicating name, date or origin.  Typically Parmesan is not produced in Italy, is granular in texture and of very poor quality. When you see that recipe for "Chicken Parmesan" which says to coat your chicken in grated Parmesan; now you know what kind of cheese you're actually using, an imitation.   Don't get me wrong, it has its uses, but not as a substitute for Parmigiano-Reggiano.

Now we get to, "So Parmigiana stands for Parmigiano?"  Sort of; Parmigiana stands for "cooked in the way of Parma" which is one of the major producers of Parmigiano-Reggiano.  However, Parma is in Northern Italy, whereas this type of meal comes primarily from the South; so it comes back to, "It's all about the cheese!"  Meat or poultry is pounded thin, dipped in egg wash, coated in bread crumbs and lightly fried.  It is then smothered in tomato sauce and covered with, what else, Parmigiano cheese and baked until the cheese is melted and browned around the edges.  Depending on the area in Italy, different versions of Parmigiana use mozzarella cheese, provolone cheese or a mixture of the three.  Those "Parmesan" recipes you see in magazines or online usually tell you to coat the meat or poultry in mayonnaise, coat liberally with the cheese and bake to get a crispy texture; sauce is usually an option or side.

This is all leading to today's recipe for Eggplant Parmigiana, but I'm going to put a real twist on the usual recipe.  Typically I would do the layering of fried eggplant with sauce and cheese; instead though, I'm using a very chunky vegetarian sauce.  Think of it as a vegetable lasagna using the eggplant in place of pasta noodles.

I mixed the grated Parmigiano-Reggiano into my ground bread crumbs, while I used Sargento's new Chef Blend 6 Cheese Italian mixture in the layering and baking processes.

In the making of my Vegetarian Pasta Sauce, I cut up portabella mushrooms, green and red bell peppers, onions and zucchini into one inch chunks; no eggplant was added this time as it was being used elsewhere.   I also added a cup of grated carrot to add sweetness to the sauce.  Once the sauce was done, I left it chunky instead of smoothing it out with my immersion blender.

The size of the eggplant is dependent on how much you intend to make, and what size baking dish. I used an aluminum loaf pan which you might typically use to make a quick bread or pound cake. After removing the top and bottom, I peeled the tough outer layer off and then cut the eggplant into 14 - 1/4 inch round slices. I could have made long slices instead, but felt the smaller round slices would come out more easily from the pan, and be more appealing to the eye.

First I lightly coated each slice with flour; I did this to create a barrier for the frying oil. I then dipped them in an eggwash and coated them with the bread crumb/Parmigiano mixture. Eggplant is basically a spongy vegetable and will easily sop up and retain oil that it is fried in. You want to use an oil that has a high fry temperature, such as peanut or canola oils; the eggplant can then be "flash fried", so the outside is nicely browned and crispy, but the eggplant itself has not been soaked in the oil.

Drain the fried eggplant well on paper towels to make sure any extra oil is drawn out; you want to retain that crispy outer coating without a greasy texture within. When they're all done, time to start the layering process. Preheat the oven to 400F.

Spread 1/4 cup of simply the tomato sauce on the bottom of the pan. Place 3-4 slices of the fried eggplant and sprinkle 1/4 cup of cheese over them.  Spread more sauce, but make sure to put a good helping of the chunky vegetables; repeat this layering twice more.

 
But on the final layer, spread 1/2 cup of the cheese overall.

  Cover the pan with aluminum foil; make sure there is space between the foil and cheese, so the cheese doesn't stick to it as it bakes. Bake for 30 minutes; remove the foil and bake an additional 5 minutes to allow the cheese to brown around the edges.

Allow the eggplant to rest for 5 minutes; the sauce may have stopped bubbling once you removed the pan from the oven, but it's still bubbling internally. You want it all to settle before serving. So there you have it, Eggplant Parmigiana, but done up in a type of "lasagna" style with chunky vegetables in the sauce. The loaf pan I used makes a hefty two portions, or three portions for those petite eaters....it won't make it to three once you see, smell and taste this dish. Enjoy this Italian adventure!

Mary Cokenour

Drying Herbs and Vegetables.

 Today I got my veggie/fruit basket, Italian pack and Hostess pack from Bountiful Baskets and they were chock full of three herbs; Basil, Dill and Rosemary.  While I intend to use some of them immediately, what can I do with the rest, so they won't shrivel and turn bad?  Dry them!  You've seen them in every supermarket or health food store grocery section; whether in bottles or bags there is a big advantage to using dried herbs.  First off, when stored in an air tight container, they can last up to six months; so check the expiration date when buying.  Secondly, when used in cooking, the aroma and flavor is much stronger than fresh; especially helpful when using a slow cooker for a recipe.

A Food Dehydrator is one method of drying herbs by using a system of heat ( average temperatures of 130F to 160F) and vented air to draw moisture out of thinly sliced foods, or herbs. For example, in my Italian pack was a carton of baby portabella mushrooms which I don't have any particular plans for now.  Slicing them 1/8 inch thin, the dehydrator will extract all the moisture, so I can put them in a zippered food bag to be used at my leisure.  The mushroom slices can be easily reconstituted by soaking them in plain water before usage.  I also have some red bell peppers and Roma tomatoes; just slice them up, dehydrate them and store them in an air tight jar with olive oil, or simply in an air tight bag.  Why buy expensive brands of "sun-dried" tomatoes or peppers when you can make your own?  Want to make your own potato or veggie chips?  Season the slices before you place them in the dehydrator; no frying, no oils.

You don't have to go to the expense of a dehydrator to dry herbs. Herbs that are on long stems can be tied together, making sure to leave a loop at the top. A simple "s" ring, or even a paperclip opened up to give it two "hooked" ends will work well as hanging tools. Remember to label your tied bunches of herbs for many will look extremely different dried than they did as fresh; smell might help tell them apart, but why take the chance? Hang the herbal bunches in an area of the home that doesn't have a lot of foot traffic; don't know how many times I've had someone knock them down with a swinging coat sleeve.

Don't want them hanging around the home; another method is to remove the leaves as much from the stem as possible. Lay paper towels on a tray (aluminum or plastic); place the leaves on the paper towels and leave a little room between the leaves. Cover the leaves with another set of paper towels to keep dust and dirt from landing upon them; store the trays in a dry area and the herbs should be dried out from two to three days, depending on their sizes.   This also works for celery leaves; you buy that large bunch of celery full of leaves, well don't throw them away.  Dry the leaves and you'll have them available to be added to stuffing, rice or pasta recipes.

Herbs with small and abundant leaves, such as Rosemary, can be left to dry on their stems. When completely dried out, you can either shake the leaves off which can be rather messy; or grab the cut end of the stem, hold it firmly with one hand while using fingers from the other hand to gently slide the dried leaves off.
 
Whatever method you use for drying your herbs, remember to label and date your air tight containers or bags, so you'll know which is which, and when your six month expiration is up.

One more method for storing herbs, but this concerns a non-drying method; freezing. You can take a single herb, or a grouping for a particular need, chop them up fresh and place a good pinch in the bottom of each section of an ice cube tray. Cover the herbs with 1 and 1/2 teaspoons of water and place the trays in the freezer. Once frozen, pop the ice cubes into a freezer safe bag; don't forget to label them, and when you need those herbs for a recipe, they're ready and waiting. Remember to take into account the measurement of water that will be added when you pop those ice cubes in with your other ingredients.

Whichever method you use, or perhaps make use of all of them, you'll be in control of your dried herbal or vegetable stockpile; you'll know where they came from, and what has, or has not, been added.

Mary Cokenour

Strolling Down a White Castle Memory Lane.

White Castle

Locations: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Wisconsin.

Website: http://www.whitecastle.com/

Back in the 1960's, my family lived in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York off the Fort Hamilton Parkway.  Typical homes in the neighborhood were brick townhouses and the major ancestry was Italian, with a mixture of Croatian and Norwegian here and there.  I wish I could say that I had an absolutely wonderful childhood in Brooklyn, but I didn't; most of my fond memories are of my maternal grandmother, museums and most especially of food. 

White Castle is one of those wonderful food memories; three mini-hamburgers for one whole whopping dollar.  The "meat patty" was a little square (2 and 1/2 " by 2 and 1/2 "), just about 1/8 inch thick with 5 holes punched into each; this allowed the steam to cook the patty thoroughly and quickly.  A soft square bun (three of those meat patties stacked would equal the height of half the bun) and tiny, diced onions; all prepared on a special steaming table.  The smell was awesome, but the taste sent you to heaven; four perfect little bites for each little hamburger or cheeseburger.  Sliders?  White Castle invented the original sliders!  Enjoyers of White Castle had nicknames for the food; the burgers were "belly bombers" and the thin cut fries were "suicide fries".  Why?   You have to eat them to understand, that's the only way; sorry, can't explain it to a novice, you just have to experience it all.

I've eaten White Castle in Illinois, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania; New York always tasted the best, but what do you expect a New Yorker to say, right?  Now down South, they have a similar fast food item called Krystal's; tried them in Florida and Georgia and in my personal opinion, they can stay down South.  They are not the same as White Castle!

White Castle introduced a frozen version of the hamburgers and cheeseburgers to supermarkets when the microwave became a popular home appliance.  Two burgers in a cellophane package steam when "nuked" for one minute; and yes, the onions are included.  I eat them when I crave that particular childhood memory, but they're not as good as the fresh made.  As soon as the heated cellophane is opened, you can see the bun begin to wrinkle up; don't eat it quickly and it becomes chewy.  The meat doesn't cook evenly; a section here overcooked, a section there undercooked.  The onions are, well they just don't look, smell or taste right.  So why buy them?  It's all about the memories; it's all about the memories!

While I'm going to put this blog post under the heading of "Product Review", it's really a trip down memory lane for me.  I hope you enjoyed this walk with me.

Mary Cokenour

Tahini, Hummus and Pita Pizza; Say What!?!

Since the pushing of healthy eating habits and finding alternatives for snacking, many items that used to be a "luxury" have now become an all consuming fad; such is the case with Hummus.  Hummus is a puree of garbanzo beans( a legume) also known as chickpeas in the United States and England, or Ceci beans in Italy.   Their origin can be traced back to the Middle East, and as far back as 3500 BCE; so they truly cannot be called a modern "fad" food item.  The other main ingredient needed to make hummus is Tahini; a sauce made from the puree of toasted sesame seeds and olive oil.  Now the other ingredients that go into the making of hummus; well that has now become a matter of taste.

Tahini has a very nutty scent and flavor to it and can be substituted for peanut butter which is great news to folks with a peanut allergy. If you can eat regular peanuts, then adding a dollop of Tahini to your PB&J brings out an awesome richness of peanutty taste and flavor. For baking, think about adding Tahini to a recipe calling for peanut butter; and don't forget its wonderful addition to Middle Eastern cuisine.   Tahini can be stored in the refrigerator for up to three months in an air tight container.  Since oil is used in the process, it will rise to the top and solidify under cold temperatures.  Simply let the Tahini come to room temperature and mix the oil back in until you have a smooth sauce; sort of how you would work with the all natural peanut butter spreads that are on the market now.  Tahini can also be frozen in air tight freezer containers or bags, but after six months it needs to be discarded.

How to Make Tahini

Ingredients:

3 cups sesame seeds
1/2 cup olive oil

Preparation:

Preheat oven to 350F; spread the seeds onto a clean jelly roll pan (baking sheet with a 1/4 inch around it); place into oven for 5 minutes.  Stir the seeds around and toast for another 5 minutes, but do not allow them to get brown in color.

Put the seeds into a food processor or blender; add 1/4 cup of oil and begin blending on high.  A paste will form; switch off the appliance and scrap down the paste with a rubber spatula.  Turn the appliance back on and slowly add in the remaining oil until a smooth sauce begins to form; sort of like a smooth peanut butter consistency; not all the oil may be required.

Makes 2 cups.

 So now we have our Tahini and can continue on to making Hummus.  I'm going to give a basic recipe that can be used as a dip for toasted pita chips, or even a base sauce on a pita pizza (recipe will be given).  This basic hummus can be a simple canvas for making many types of dips by adding roasted red bell peppers, diced tomatoes, diced green onions, diced chile peppers, chopped herbs and the list goes on and on.  If entertaining and serving several varieties of hummus, don't just garnish each type with a teaspoon of an ingredient to identify its type.  Place a small bowl of the ingredient next to the bowl of hummus and let guests add to plate with their portion of dip.  A garnish will be gone by the third guest, and how will anyone be able to identify the flavors then?  Also think about having slices of toasted French baguette besides the traditional pita chips, so guests can make their own version of a bruschetta.  Now onto the making of Hummus...

How to Make Hummus

 

Ingredients:

 

1 (16 oz) can garbanzo beans, drained and rinsed

2/3 cup Tahini sauce (or 1/4 cup if using a Tahini paste)

1 Tbsp minced garlic

1/4 cup olive oil

1/8 cup lemon juice

1/4 tsp salt

1/8 tsp ground black pepper

 

Preparation:

 

Mash the beans slightly and place inside a food processor or blender; add the Tahini, garlic, oil, lemon juice, salt and black pepper.  Set speed on puree and blend until desired consistency is achieved (slightly firmer than a sour cream dip is best); add more oil if needed.  Use a rubber spatula to scrap down the sides of the appliance if necessary.

 

Makes 1 and 1/2 cups.

 

Note: During the puree process, a tablespoon of a flavoring ingredient can be added such as diced tomatoes, roasted red bell pepper, chopped herbs, etc. 

 

I gave you a tease before about making a Pita Pizza, and here's the information I promised to give you.  Normally a pizza dough is made with a leavened bread which rises because of yeast, but it can also be made from an unleavened bread such as a tortilla, Navajo Fry Bread or pita bread. As a base sauce, the traditional red tomato sauce can be used, pesto, and I've found that hummus makes an interesting take on a pizza.  By pureeing tomatoes, red bell peppers or basil into a hummus, you can turn the traditional brownish coloring into the illusion of a red or green sauce; and have the flavoring too.

 

How to Make a Pita Pizza

 

Ingredients:

1 Pita bread (standard size to be cut apart, or single serving size)
1/4 cup Hummus (traditional or flavored), 1/8 cup for smaller pita

Now here's the fun part; the rest of the ingredients depends on what you want on it. If using any meats or poultry, it must be precooked. Don't add too much of any one ingredient, you want just enough that each item will be tasted when biting into the pizza. In the photo above, I have diced tomatoes, diced goat cheese and spinach leaves; just a 1/4 cup of each spread around on a standard sized pita went a long way.

Preparation:

Preheat oven to 400F.

Spread hummus over pita; spread other ingredients over all, but not entirely to the edge.  Place the pizza directly onto the center rack of the oven and bake for 12 - 15 minutes, or until edges of pita darken.

A standard pita can be cut into fourths; a small pita eaten as is.

There is my adventure into the Middle Eastern world of Tahini, Hummus and Pita Bread; don't be afraid to have your own adventure.  Enjoy!

Mary Cokenour